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This final overarching report in a series documents research and recommendations RAND offered to the Air Force to help strengthen the development of a new office responsible for monitoring and promoting resilience among Air Force ...
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This final overarching report in a series documents research and recommendations RAND offered to the Air Force to help strengthen the development of a new office responsible for monitoring and promoting resilience among Air Force Airmen, civilian employees, and Air Force families. Efforts to boost resilience have become an important military response to suicide and other markers of distress and poor health. The report reviews the concepts and measures of resilience, resilience factors, hardiness and flourishing. It describes how resilience and the military's Total Force Fitness concepts are related. The report brings together highlights from the eight companion reports on each Total Force Fitness domain and characterizes types of Air Force data that could be used to track resilience.
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Upon graduation from the U.S. Army War College, senior leaders step into a world of uncertainly, complexity and greater challenge. They'll require every advantage and leverage they have learned and attained. Of clear importance is...
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Upon graduation from the U.S. Army War College, senior leaders step into a world of uncertainly, complexity and greater challenge. They'll require every advantage and leverage they have learned and attained. Of clear importance is the maintenance of health and fitness. This may be a daunting undertaking, however, due to the pressures and multiplicity of responsibilities of senior leaders combined with the ever-increasing obesity problem in the United States. Currently, almost half of American adults are considered overweight. This trend may be affecting U.S. Army troops and if so, what does this say about the fitness levels and attitudes of senior leaders. There exists the perception amongst the officer corps that there is a number (perhaps significant) of senior Army leaders who are not fit. Is this just a perception, or is there truth to these conjectures. Finally, if there are a significant number of unfit senior leaders, how does this impact strategic leadership. This Strategy Research Project will assess the impact of fitness on senior leaders by looking at the general fitness levels of the U.S. Army student population at the U.S. Army War College: the newest strategic leaders. Specifically, the paper will examine AWC student perceptions about fitness specifically, its importance and relevance for leadership, whether or not a fitness problem exists in the student population at the U.S. Army War College and provide recommendations for the future.
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Cognitive behavior depends upon both educational and medical factors; i.e. what a person knows and how well the person is. A complete examination of a person's functioning would include both physical and mental functioning, insofa...
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Cognitive behavior depends upon both educational and medical factors; i.e. what a person knows and how well the person is. A complete examination of a person's functioning would include both physical and mental functioning, insofar as the latter could be viewed as a concomitant of physical condition. Tests of cognitive behavior that have developed for educational and personnel selection settings, however, may not be appropriate or feasible in medical settings. The appropriate criteria for mental testing allied with both medical maintenance and biologically oriented research are considered. Some examples are given of the sort of mental functions that should be tested. Illustrative performance tests are provided in the appendix. (Author)
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Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States and thus it is important to study the psychosocial impact of treating this disease and potential ways to improve women's quality of life durin...
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Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States and thus it is important to study the psychosocial impact of treating this disease and potential ways to improve women's quality of life during treatment. A large body of literature supports the health benefits associated with both written and oral disclosure of emotional traumas in healthy populations. However, no published studies have investigated the effects of writing about emotional topics in breast cancer patients. The proposed research is a controlled, randomized trial to test the effectiveness of two types of emotional disclosure interventions. One hundred fifty early stage, breast cancer patients will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: cancer-specific disclosure, non-cancer related disclosure, or a control. During the intervention, participants will write on three occasions about either their deepest thoughts and feelings about their cancer diagnosis and treatment, their deepest thoughts and feelings about a non-cancer related traumatic event, or a superficial topic. Measures of physical and emotional well- being will be collected via telephone at baseline, one month, and six months following the intervention. Medical charts will be reviewed to collect information about date of diagnosis, stage of cancer, type of surgery, type of treatment, and duration of treatment. The results from this study have important implications for psychosocial care of breast cancer patients and may inform future interventions for improving women's health.
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Psychological and training characteristics of 44 ultramarathoners competing in a 50-mile trail race were studied. These psychological and training variables were used to distinguish differences between survivors and casualties in ...
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Psychological and training characteristics of 44 ultramarathoners competing in a 50-mile trail race were studied. These psychological and training variables were used to distinguish differences between survivors and casualties in the race and to predict race time. In addition, mood changes and runners physical symptoms were examined to assess changes from pre to post-race. Results show a mood profile and self-motivation scores similar to other athletic populations. Mood profile changed from pre to post race and training pace was found to be a highly significant factor in predicting finish time.
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The connection between discrete data analysis by the use of loglinear models and the item-response model of Rasch (1960, 1966) is studied. It is shown that the dichotomous Rasch model can be formulated as a certain quasi-loglinear...
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The connection between discrete data analysis by the use of loglinear models and the item-response model of Rasch (1960, 1966) is studied. It is shown that the dichotomous Rasch model can be formulated as a certain quasi-loglinear model. This yields a methodological framework to test the Rasch model and to apply it to practical measurement problems. An algorithm that can handle data sets of real life size was developed. The quasi-loglinear Rasch model is applied to two psychometric problems, the detection of biased items and the equating of test.
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Three rhesus monkeys were implanted with ECG telemeters and performed a calisthenic exercise requiring complete arm extension above their heads and below their knees. The animals were unrestrained and confined to a large box. The ...
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Three rhesus monkeys were implanted with ECG telemeters and performed a calisthenic exercise requiring complete arm extension above their heads and below their knees. The animals were unrestrained and confined to a large box. The exercise was programmed to produce food pellets on various reinforcement schedules. Heart rate samples were obtained both during sleep and high rates of activity. Two animals provided exercise data and one animal provided data without the exercise task. Highest heart rates were seen in the two exercise animals. No differences in maximum heart rates were related to the different reinforcement schedules. In most instances heart rates were twice those of resting heart rates for 5 minutes or longer. Occasionally, heart rates were three times the resting rates for at least 2 minutes. The resting heart rates from all three animals were generally lower than those reported in previous literature as normal rates in the rhesus. During the fixed-interval reinforcement schedule there was a correlated increase in heart rate along with the increase in response rate. (Author)
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